益生菌系列三之菌種的介紹

說起這益生菌

市場上可說是五花八門

但不是所有的菌種都有一樣的效果

所以今天高藥師就來介紹一下益生菌的菌種Lactobacillus paracasei

也就是LP菌

益生菌的先鋒

市場上第一個打益生菌的樂亦康

就是主要添加LP菌

但是在LP菌的這麼多菌株中

並不是每一菌株都有效

經過長時間的實驗

才確定Lactobacillus paracasei 33

這一株菌

有最棒的效果

稱之為Lp33

也因為良好的效果

統一集團才把這個Lp33菌加入他們的優酪乳裡面

你到7-11都可以買到。

Lactobacillus Fermentum

也就是LF菌

根據一篇2005年的醫學報導

Lactobacillus Fermentum用於治療異位性皮膚炎之效果相當優良

實驗中有26個病患服用LF菌

27個服用安慰劑。

Clin Exp Allergy.2005Dec;35(12):1557-64 16393321 Clinical effects of probiotics are associated with increased interferon-gamma responses in very young children with atopic dermatitis. Background We recently demonstrated that administration of probiotics resulted in significant clinical improvement in very young children with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD). The purpose of this study was to determine the underlying immunological effects that are associated with these apparent clinical benefits. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from children (n=53) at baseline and at the end of an 8-week supplementation period during which they received a probiotic (Lactobacillus fermentum PCCtrade mark) (n=26) or a placebo (n=27). A further sample was collected at 16 weeks (8 weeks after ceasing the supplement). Cytokine (IL-5

IL-6

IL-10

IL-13

IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha) responses to allergens (egg ovalbumin (OVA)

beta lactoglobulin (BLG)

house dust mite (HDM))

vaccines (tetanus toxoid (TT))

diphtheria toxoid (DT))

intestinal flora (heat-killed Lactobacillus (HKLB))

heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus (HKSA)

Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB) and mitogen (phytohaemaglutinin (PHA)) were compared. Results The administration of probiotics was associated with a significant increase in T-helper type 1(Th1-type) cytokine IFN-gamma responses to PHA and SEB at the end of the supplementation period (week 8: P=0.004 and 0.046) as well as 8 weeks after ceasing supplementation (week 16: P=0.005 and 0.021) relative to baseline levels of response. No significant changes were seen in the placebo group. The increase in IFN-gamma responses to SEB was directly proportional to the decrease in the severity of AD (r=-0.445

P=0.026) over the intervention period. At the end of the supplementation period (week 8) children receiving probiotics showed significantly higher TNF-alpha responses to HKLB (P=0.018) and HKSA (P=0.011) but this was no longer evident when supplementation ceased (week 16). Although IL-13 responses to OVA were significantly reduced in children receiving probiotics after 8 weeks (P=0.008)

there were no other effects on allergen-specific responses

and this effect was not sustained after ceasing supplementation (week 16). There were no effects on vaccine-specific responses

or on responses to any of the stimuli assessed. Conclusion The improvement in AD severity with probiotic treatment was associated with significant increases in the capacity for Th1 IFN-gamma responses and altered responses to skin and enteric flora. This effect was still evident 2 months after the supplementation was ceased. The lack of consistent effects on allergen-specific responses suggests that the effects of probiotics may be mediated through other independent pathways

which need to be explored further.Lactobacillus Rhamnosus GG

也就是LGG菌

是相當有名的一隻菌株

是屬於鼠李糖乳酸桿菌的菌種

醫學上對於它的研究資料相當的多。

芬蘭的科學家曾經在世界知名的Lancet研究期刊l發表了重要的研究成果

他們選定具有異位性體質家族病史的159位孕婦

其中治療組孕婦在生產前2-4週就需每日服用二顆內含一百億單位的LGG菌

產後如有餵母奶的婦女仍需繼續服用

若沒餵母奶的嬰兒則開始餵食LGG菌至嬰兒六個月大。

結果共有132位孕婦完成研究並追蹤直到其小孩滿二歲為止

研究發現

餵食益生菌治療組的64位婦女的小孩中只有15位在二歲前出現異位性皮膚炎的症狀；而對照組68位婦女的小孩則有31位在二歲前出現異位性皮膚炎

因此服用LGG菌似乎具有顯著的預防異位性皮膚炎發生的效果。

Lactobacillus johnsonii

也就是LJ菌

我稍微搜尋一下

並沒有國際醫學上的發表

但是在國內台大有做實驗

只是不知道這樣的報告能不能算數。

不過在我的臨床經驗

對於蕁麻疹

異位性皮膚炎還不錯。

Lactobacillus paracasei Collins et al. 1989

sp. nov.Type strain: strain ATCC 25302 = CCUG 32212 = CIP 103918 = DSM 5622 = IFO (now NBRC) 15889 = JCM 8130 = LMG 13087 = NCIMB 700151 (formerly NCDO 151).Reference: COLLINS (M.D.)

PHILLIPS (B.A.) and ZANONI (P.): Deoxyribonucleic acid homology studies of Lactobacillus casei

Lactobacillus paracasei sp. nov.

subsp. paracasei and subsp. tolerans

and Lactobacillus rhamnosus sp. nov.

comb. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol.

1989

39

105-108.--- Lactobacillus paracasei nom. rejic.Reference: DICKS (L.M.T.)

Du PLESSIS (E.M.)

DELLAGLIO (F.) and LAUER (E.): Reclassification of Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei ATCC 393 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 15820 as Lactobacillus zeae nom. rev.

designation of ATCC 334 as the neotype of L. casei subsp. casei

and rejection of the name Lactobacillus paracasei. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol.

1996

46

337-340.Original article in IJSEM OnlineNote 1: According to Rule 56a of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (1990 revision)

only the Judicial Commission can place a name on the list of rejected names. Therefore

this proposal is provisional and needs to be awarded by the Judicial Commission.Note 2: In a previous paper

Dellaglio et al. 1991 [1] requested that ATCC 334 be designated in place of ATCC 393 as the neotype of Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei and that Lactobacillus paracasei be rejected as a synonym of Lactobacillus casei

as the latter would be defined by the proposed neotype. The Judicial Commission concluded that there is not enough basis for concern about confusion leading to serious consequences in industrial microbiology to justify awarding an exception to the Rules and voted to deny the request [2].References:1 DELLAGLIO (F.)

DICKS (L.M.T.)

Du TOIT (M.) and TORRIANI (S.): Designation of ATCC 334 in place of ATCC 393 (NCDO 161) as the neotype strain of Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei and rejection of the name Lactobacillus paracasei (Collins et al.

1989). Request for an opinion. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol.

1991

41

340-342.2 WAYNE (L.G.): Actions of the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology on requests for opinions published between January 1985 and July 1993. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol.

1994

44

177-178.Note 3: The proposal of Dicks et al. 1996

is sustained by Mori et al. 1997 [1]

and by the Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Bifidobacterium

Lactobacillus and related organisms [2

3].References:1 MORI (K.)

YAMAZAKI (K.)

ISHIYAMA (T.)

KATSUMATA (M.)

KOBAYASHI (K.)

KAWAI (Y.)

INOUE (N.) and SHINANO (H.): Comparative sequence analyses of the genes coding for 16S rRNA of Lactobacillus casei-related taxa. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol.

1997

47

54-57.Original article by Mori et al. 1997 in IJSEM Online2 BIAVATI (B.): International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology. Subcommittee on the taxonomy of the Bifidobacterium

Lactobacillus and related organisms. Minutes of the meetings

26 and 29 August 1996

Budapest

Hungary. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.

2001

51

257-258.Original article by Biavati 2001 in IJSEM Online (PDF Format)3 KLEIN (G.): International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology. Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Bifidobacterium

Lactobacillus and related organisms. Minutes of the meetings

22 and 23 September 1999

Veldhoven

The Netherlands. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.

2001

51

259-261.Original article by Klein 2001 in IJSEM Online (PDF Format)Note 4: Dellaglio et al. request that the strains of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus paracasei Collins et al. 1989 be united into a single taxon

Lactobacillus casei.Reference: DELLAGLIO (F.)

FELIS (G.E.) and TORRIANI (S.): The status of the species Lactobacillus casei (Orla-Jensen 1916) Hansen and Lessel 1971 and Lactobacillus paracasei Collins et al. 1989. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.

2002

52

285-287.Original article in IJSEM OnlineLactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei Collins et al. 1989

subsp. nov.Type strain: strain ATCC 25302 = CCUG 32212 = CIP 103918 = DSM 5622 = IFO (now NBRC) 15889 = JCM 8130 = LMG 13087 = NCIMB 700151 (formerly NCDO 151).Reference: COLLINS (M.D.)

PHILLIPS (B.A.) and ZANONI (P.): Deoxyribonucleic acid homology studies of Lactobacillus casei

Lactobacillus paracasei sp. nov.

subsp. paracasei and subsp. tolerans

and Lactobacillus rhamnosus sp. nov.

comb. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol.

1989

39

105-108.Note: The taxon Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei Collins et al. 1989

encompasses the type strain of Lactobacillus casei subsp. alactosus Mills and Lessel 1973 (Approved Lists 1980) and the type strain of Lactobacillus casei subsp. pseudoplantarum Abo-Elnaga and Kandler 1965 (Approved Lists 1980).Lactobacillus fermentum Beijerinck 1901

species.Type strain: strain ATCC 14931 = CCUG 30138 = CIP 102980 = DSM 20052 = IFO (now NBRC) 15885 = JCM 1173 = LMG 6902 = NCCB 46038 = NCIMB 11840 (formerly NCDO 1750) = NRRL B-4524.Synonyms: Bacillus δ von Freudenreich 1895

Bacillus casei δ von Freudenreich and Thöni 1904

Lactobacterium fermentum (Beijerinck 1901) van Steenberge 1920.Etymology: L. neut. n. fermentum (nominative in apposition)

that which causes fermentation

leaven

ferment.References: SKERMAN (V.B.D.)

McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol.

1980

30

225-420. [BEIJERINCK (M.W.): Sur les ferments lactiques de l'industrie. Archives Néerlandaises des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles (Section 2)

1901

6

212-243.]Lactobacillus johnsonii Fujisawa et al. 1992

sp. nov.Type strain: strain ATCC 33200 = CCUG 30725 = CIP 103620 = DSM 10533 = JCM 2012 = VPI 7960.Reference: FUJISAWA (T.)

BENNO (Y.)

YAESHIMA (T.) and MITSUOKA (T.): Taxonomic study of the Lactobacillus acidophilus group

with recognition of Lactobacillus gallinarum sp. nov. and Lactobacillus johnsonii sp. nov. and synonymy of Lactobacillus acidophilus group A3 (Johnson et al. 1980) with the type strain of Lactobacillus amylovorus (Nakamura 1981). Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol.

1992

42

487-491.Lactobacillus rhamnosus (Hansen 1968) Collins et al. 1989

comb. nov.Type strain: strain ATCC 7469 = CCUG 21452 = CIP A157 = DSM 20021 = IFO (now NBRC) 3425 = JCM 1136 = LMG 6400 = NCAIM B.01147 = NCCB 46033 = NCIMB 6375 (formerly NCDO 243) = NCTC 12953 = NRRL B-442 = VKM B-574.Basonym: ¤ Lactobacillus casei subsp. rhamnosus Hansen 1968 (Approved Lists 1980).Reference: COLLINS (M.D.)

PHILLIPS (B.A.) and ZANONI (P.): Deoxyribonucleic acid homology studies of Lactobacillus casei

Lactobacillus paracasei sp. nov.

subsp. paracasei and subsp. tolerans

and Lactobacillus rhamnosus sp. nov.

comb. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol.

1989

39

105-108.Note: In the paper by Collins et al. 1989

Lactobacillus rhamnosus is proposed as a new species.下一篇要介紹益生菌常見的廠牌